LUNES, HULYO 31, 2023

THE “SON OF MAN”

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Homily for the 21st Sunday in Ordinary Time, 23 August 2026

Matthew 16:13–20

We need to do a little Bible study for a start in order to understand our Gospel today. We need it to get to know where Jesus is coming from when he asks his disciples the question: “Who do people say the SON OF MAN is?”

The title “Son of Man” is important to Jesus. He often uses it to refer—not only to himself, but to the whole movement of his disciples. It is a title loaded with meaning. So we need to do a little Bible study and go back to the books of the Hebrew Bible that use the title “SON OF MAN.” The most important of these, aside from the Psalms, are the prophetic book of Ezekiel and the apocalyptic book of Daniel.

You might ask, do they use this title in the same way? No. In the prophet Ezekiel, whenever God calls the prophet SON OF MAN, it is a reminder that he must remain humble. Even if the word of God has been entrusted to him, that should not be a reason for it to go to his head. For Ezekiel, “Son of Man” means a child of Adam and Eve—fallen, weak, and sinful.

But in the Book of Daniel—my favorite book in the Old Testament—it is different. It is in Daniel that the meaning of the title “Son of Man” begins to change. We need to go back to chapter seven of his book. There, the “Son of Man” is a character in a vision.

According to Daniel, in his dream he first sees four ferocious beasts appearing one after another. Later, the angel explains that these four beasts represent four powerful empires of the world. For Daniel, they symbolize a humanity that no longer behaves humanly but acts like a beast. It desires nothing but power, even if it means trampling on human dignity. Its only principle is the survival of the fittest. No mercy, no restraint, no respect.

But in the prophet’s vision, there is a fifth character who appears after the four beasts. And this is the one he calls the “Son of Man.” This time, the representation is different. He is no longer associated with human frailty, cruelty, or sinfulness. Why? Because Daniel contrasts him with the beastly behavior of the monsters. He comes riding upon the clouds. He is lifted up and brought before another figure, an “Ancient One,” seated upon a throne in judgment. He represents God. And he bestows upon the Son of Man all dominion, power, and glory.

In the angel’s explanation, this Son of Man represents the wise ones of Israel, models of wisdom, holiness, and courage. People who are truly human. Examples of people of genuine human dignity, true images of God. This account in Daniel chapter seven is almost like an oracle about the fulfillment of God’s original plan for humanity: that the human being should truly become God’s image and likeness. A human being who resembles God.

So there is a context to Jesus’ question: “Who do people say the SON OF MAN is?” In short, who is this figure whom Daniel regards as the model of true human dignity, the one who will inherit the Kingdom of God? And the first answers of the disciples are people remembered as models of courage in the history of Israel. First they mention John the Baptist. Then Elijah, Jeremiah, or one of the prophets.

But suddenly Jesus changes the question: “But who do you say that I am?” And Simon Peter is the one who dares to answer. He says, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” This is his way of saying—“You are not merely a model of true humanity. You are the Anointed One. You are not only the ‘Son of Man’; you are the ‘Son of God.’”

And in his response to Peter, Jesus takes us back to Daniel’s vision. What Daniel saw in his dream was explained or revealed to him not by a human being, but by a heavenly messenger. And so Jesus says to Peter, “Blessed are you, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven.”

In St. Mark’s version of this same scene, immediately after Peter says, “You are the Christ,” Jesus follows it with a grim prophecy about the suffering and death that the Son of Man must undergo before rising again (Mk 8:31).

There, the Son of Man refers not only to himself, but to the whole movement or community of his disciples. We, who represent Daniel’s “Sons of Man” are destined to first pass through suffering and death before the resurrection.

In other words, the mission to which Jesus invites us is to bring God’s purpose to fulfillment—that the children of humanity might become children of God; that human beings might overcome the impulses of frailty, sin, and beastliness, so that the image of God may truly shine upon the human face. To be able to react spontaneously when our humanity is degraded by violence, cruelty, and disrespect. To say, “No, that’s not what it means to be human!”

This will be the mission of the Church that Jesus establishes. And so he says to Simon, “You are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my Church.” Meaning, no longer something weak, but a solid foundation, one that even the powers of death will not be able to destroy.

Have you noticed how Jesus keeps changing the images or symbols he uses in his response to Peter? First: the rock, symbol of a firm foundation. Second: the key, symbol of stewardship of the Kingdom. Third: one who binds and one who loosens. The rock and the key are clear enough. But what is this business about binding and loosening?

Remember, Simon was a fisherman. And wasn’t it when Jesus first encountered him by the lakeshore that he found him tending or mending his nets? The net, after all, is the fisherman’s principal instrument, aside from his boat, for catching fish. And didn’t the Lord say to him when he called him, “You will be a fisher of men”? From then on, it would be people whom his net would gather for the Kingdom of God.

For fishermen, there are two important things that need to be done when repairing the nets after fishing. As nets grow old, some of their strands break, while other parts become tangled. And so there are two tasks:

1. Binding together the parts of the net that have been torn apart.

2. Loosening the parts that have become tangled.

After all, how can a net make a good catch if it is full of holes because its strands have broken apart, or if parts of it have become all tangled up?

Isn’t life like that too, especially our relationships? Sometimes we begin with beautiful relationships, connections, even projects, and then suddenly things fall apart. Connections are broken. People separate. We go our own ways. At other times, something that started out very simple becomes terribly complicated. Everything gets tangled up.

And so it is as though the Lord were saying, “Yes, you will still go through all sorts of failures. But do not surrender your humanity to failure and sin. If you wish to inherit the Kingdom, then live out your calling. Stand by your mission.”

And that mission is to become menders of nets. To repair what has been broken in our lives. To bind together relationships that have been torn apart. To loosen the knots of relationships that have become tangled.

And in this way, we fulfill the mission God has entrusted to us: to become fishers of people for his Kingdom—so that the image of the SON OF MAN may shine forth, and on our human faces, people may catch a glimpse of the SON OF GOD.